FATIHA (ESALE SAWAB)
Fatiha asl mein Esale sawab ko kehte hai. Esale sawab ko Ufr e Aam mein Fatiha kaha jata hai. Dono ek hi hai. Kuch ilaaqo mein Esale sawab Fatiha ke naam se mashoor ho gaya hai. Kisi Marhoom ke naam par Esale sawab karne ko Fatiha kaha jata hai. Kisi bhi nek amal jis ke karne se sawaab mile us amal ka sawab marhoom ko pohchana Fatiha (Esale Sawab) hai.
Imam Allama Tahtawi farmate hai:
” Ahle sunnat ke nazdeek yeh jaiz hai ki koi insaan apne amal ka sawab kisi gair ko phochaye khwa woh amal namaz ho ya roza ya hajj ya sadka wa kahirat ho ya tilawat e quran ya zikr ya uske alawa nek amaal mein se koi bhi amal ho. Aur un amaal ka sawab mayyat ko phochta hai aur use fayda bhieta hai. [¤ HASHIYA AL TAHTAWI ALA MARAQI AL FALAH:376]
SAHIH HADITH :
- “Hazrat Aisha رضي الله عنها bayan farmati hai ki , Ek shaks ne Huzoor صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِ se arz kiya ki meri Maa achanak faut (inteqaal) ho gayi aur mera gumaan hai ki agar woh kuch baat kar sakti to sadqa karti. Agar mein un ki taraf se kuch sadqa kar du to kya unko Ajr (sawab) milega? Aap صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِne farmaya , HAAN!.”
[¤ SAHIH BUKHARI, KITAB UL JANAIZ,JILD1;
¤ SAHIH MUSLIM, KITAB UL ZAKAT;
¤ SUNAN ABU DAWOOD, KITAB UL WASAYA;
¤ SUNAN NASAI, KITAB UL WASAYA]
2. “Hazrat Saad Bin Ubada رضي الله تعالى عنهbayan karte hai ki unhone kaha Ya Rasulallah صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِ! Saad ki walida faut ho gayi. Pas kis cheez ka sadqa karna sabse afzal hai? Aap صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِ ne farmaya PAANI KA. Unhone kuwa khudwaya aur kaha yeh (kuwa) Saad ki maa ke liye hai.
[¤ SUNAN ABU DAWOOD, KITAB UL ZAKAT, JILD1]
3. ” Hazrat Anas رضي الله تعالى عنه se marwi ek Hadees mein Huzoor Nabi e Kareem صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِ ne farmaya: Jab Ahle khana (ghar walo) mein koi apne faut shuda azeez ke liye sadqa wa khairaat kar ke Esale Sawab (Fatiha) karta hai to us ke sawab ka tohfa Hazrat Jibraeil (alayhissalaam) ek khoobsurat thaal mein rakh kar us Qabr wale ke sirhaane ja kar pesh karte hai ki tere fala’a Azeez ne ye sawab ka tohfa bheja hai. Tu isse Qubool kar. Woh shaks use qubool kar leta hai. Woh us par khush hota hai aur dusre Qabr walo ko khushkhabri sunata hai aur uske padosiyo mein se jin ko is qism ka koi tohfa na mila ho woh gumgeen hote hai.”
[¤ TABRANI – Al MAUJAMUL AWSAT, jild 7]
4. Hazrat Sufyaan رضي الله تعالى عنهbayan karte hai ki Hazrat Tawus رضي الله تعالى عنهne farmaya: “ki beshak murde apni qabron mein saat din tak azmaish mein dale jate hai. So woh murdon ki taraf se KHANA KHILANE MUSTAHAB SAMAAJHTE THE.”
[¤ ABU NUAIM FI HULYAT UL AWLIYA , 4 /11 ;
¤ SHARAH AL SUYUTI ALA SUNAN E NASAI, 4/104]
MASJID MEIN JAMA HO KAR QURAN KHWANI BARA E ESALE SAWAB KARNA.
HADITH:
“Hazrat Abu Hurraira رضي الله تعالى عنهse marwi hai Rasulullah صلی اللہُ علیہِ و آلہِ وسلمِne farmaya: Jab kuch log Allah ke ghari mein se kisi ghar mein jama ho kar Quran e Paak ki tilawat karte aur dars wa tadrees mein masroof hote hai to un par sukoon wa itminaam utarta hai. Rehmat unhe dhaanp leti hai aur Farishte unhe gher lete hai. Aur Allah apni khaas majlis mein unka zikr farmata hai.”
[¤ SAHIH MUSLIM
¤ NAWAWI – RIYAZUL SWALIHEEN, JILD 2,PG 62]
¤ Shaykh Abdul Haq Muhaddis Dehlwi farmate hai: Mayyat ke liye quran ka Esale sawab karne aur use sawab phohchane mein sahi qual yeh hai ki sawab phohchta hai. [¤ ASH AT UL LAMAT SHARAH MISHKAAT AL MASABI, JILD 1]
▶ FATIHA MEIN MARHOOM KE LIYE DUA E MAGFIRAT KARNA BARA E ESALE SAWAB.
HADITH :
” Hazrat Abu Huraira رضي الله تعالى عنهkehte hai ki maut ke baad mayyat ke liye ek darja buland kiya jayega. Woh kahegi Aye Rab yeh kya hai? Pas kaha jayega tere bete ne tere liye bakshih ki dua ki.”
[¤ BUKHARI – AL ADAB UL MUFRAD, 21.22]
NOTE : KUCH MUGAALTE (MISCONCEPTIONS)
1. Agarbatti ya Lobaan jalane se marhoom ko koi faida nahi pohachta. Agar koi ye aqeeda rakhe ki mayyit ko iska faida pohachta hai to ye uski jahalat hai. Is tasawwur ka Ahle Sunnat wal Jamat se koi talluq nahi. Issi tarah Fatiha mein agar is amal ko koi zaruri aur laazim samjhe to ye bhi uski jahalat hai. Haan agar koi mehez khushboo le liye jalaye to durust hai.
2. Fatiha ( Esale sawab) mein kisi bhi tarah ke khane ya peene ki cheez se Esale sawab ho jayega. Ye aqeeda rakhna ki falah buzurg ke liye falah Khane ki cheez ka hi Fatiha ho sakta hai, Aisa aqeeda bilkul galat aur jahilana hai. Aisa koi tasawwur Ahle sunnat ke nazdeek nahi.
3. Fatiha (Esale sawab) kisi bhi din karna jaiz hai. Agar koi har roz bhi fatiha kare to jaiz hoga. Sirf saal mein ek baar Fatiha karna farz ya wajib nahi. Agar koi ye samjhe ki hum is mukarara din ko hi sadqa wa khairat aur khatame quran karenge to hi sawab phochega, Aisa khayal bilkul galat hai. Yeh aqeeda gumrahi hai.
4. Kisi Nek buzurg ke wisal ke din Fatiha (Esale sawab) karna mehez hikmat ke pesh e nazar hai. Aur khususi barkat ka baais hai aur iska jawaaz upar bayan ki gayi hadees se sabit hai. Magar us din hi fatiha ko laazim samjhna gumrahi hai. Ahle sunnat ke nazdeek yeh farz aur waajib nahi.